Samsung ACCUVIX XG Manual de usuario Pagina 245
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5-5
Chapter 5 Measurements and Calculations
Optimization of Measurement Accuracy
2D Mode
X
Resolution is in proportion to the frequency of the probe.
X
Penetration is in inverse proportion to the frequency of the probe.
X
The highest resolution can be obtained at the focus of the probe where the ultrasound beam is
narrowest.
X
The most accurate measurements can be obtained at the focus depth. The accuracy decreases
as the distance from the focus increases, widening the beam width.
X
Using the zoom function or minimizing the depth display makes distance or area measurements
more accurate.
M Mode
X
The accuracy of time measurements can be increased when the sweep velocity and the display
format are set to high values.
X
The accuracy of distance measurements can be increased when the display format is set to
higher values.
Doppler Mode
X
It is recommended to use lower frequency ultrasound for measurement of faster blood flows.
X
The size of the sample volume is limited by the axial direction of the ultrasound.
X
Using lower frequency ultrasound increases penetration.
X
The accuracy of time measurements can be increased when the sweep velocity is increased.
X
The accuracy of velocity measurements can be increased when the vertical scale is set to smaller
values.
X
It is most important to use an optimal Doppler angle to enhance the accuracy of velocity
measurements.
- Volume 1 1
- WARRANTY 3
- Safety Requirements 9
- Declarations: 10
- Read This First 11
- If You Need Assistance 12
- Revision History 13
- Table of Contents – Volume 1 15
- Chapter 3 Starting Diagnosis 16
- Chapter1 19
- Indication for Use 21
- Safety Sign 22
- Chapter 1 Safety 23
- Electrical Safety 26
- ECG-Related Information 28
- Mechanical Safety 37
- Precautions on Ramps 38
- Safety Note 38
- Safety Note for Monitor 39
- Biological Safety 41
- Applying ALARA 42
- Direct Controls 42
- Indirect Controls 43
- Additional Considerations 44
- Output Display Features 44
- Mechanical Index (MI) Display 45
- Thermal Index (TI) Display 45
- 2D-mode Controls 47
- Color and Power Controls 48
- M-mode and Doppler Controls 48
- Sample Volume Depth 49
- Application 49
- Related Guidance Documents 50
- Systematic Uncertainties 53
- Training 54
- Environmental Protection 55
- Introduction 57
- Specifications 59
- Product Configuration 61
- Chapter 2 Introduction 63
- Monitor Display 64
- Title Area 65
- Image Area 65
- Thumbnail Area 65
- User Information Area 65
- Control Panel 66
- Keyboard 69
- Touch-Screen 70
- Adjusting the Control Panel 71
- Rear Panel 72
- Power Connection Part 73
- Probe Holder 73
- N N 74
- Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) 75
- Video Page printer 75
- USB Video printer 75
- USB to RS-232C Serial Cable 75
- Foot Switch 76
- Connecting probes 77
- Accessories 78
- Optional Functions 79
- Starting Diagnosis 81
- Power Supply 83
- Probes & Applications 84
- Renaming a Userset 85
- Patient Information 86
- Representation 87
- Accession 88
- General 89
- Diag. Physician 90
- Ref. Physician 90
- Sonographer 90
- Description 90
- LMP (Last Menstrual Period) 91
- GA (LMP) 91
- EDD (LMP) 91
- Estab.Due Date 91
- Ovul. Date 91
- Gynecology 93
- Adult Echo 93
- Ped Echo 94
- Fetal Heart 94
- Vascular 94
- Urology 95
- Finding Patient Information 96
- Worklist Search 97
- Managing Patient Exams 98
- Executing Exam 99
- Viewing Exam 100
- Deleting Exam 100
- Sending Exams via DICOM 101
- Printing Exams via DICOM 102
- Exporting Exam 102
- [Figure 3.18 Image Export] 103
- Backing up Exam 104
- Changing Measurements 105
- The View Screen 106
- Switch to the Insert screen 107
- Diagnosis Modes 109
- Chapter 4 110
- Information 111
- Basic Use 112
- Chapter 4 Diagnosis Modes 113
- Using Touch Screen Menu 114
- Basic Mode 115
- 2D Mode Menu 116
- Trapezoidal 117
- 2D/C Live 117
- Pulse Inversion 117
- Panoramic (Optional) 118
- Spatial Compound (Optional) 118
- SRF Index 119
- DynamicMR 119
- DMR+Index (Optional) 119
- Frequency 119
- Operation Manual 120
- Low MI Menu 123
- Panoramic (Optional) 124
- Reviewing a Panoramic Image 125
- M Mode Screen 128
- M Mode Menu 128
- M Edge Enhance 129
- Color Doppler Mode 130
- C Mode Screen 131
- C Mode Menu 132
- Line Density 134
- Power Doppler Mode 135
- PD Mode Screen 136
- PD Mode Menu 136
- PW Spectral Doppler Mode 138
- Sample Volume 139
- Adjusting Doppler Baseline 139
- HPRF (High PRF) Function 140
- Simultaneous 142
- Mean Trace 142
- Auto Clac 142
- AutoCalc Direction 143
- Spectrum Enhancement 143
- Spectrum Type 143
- CW Spectral Doppler Mode 144
- TDI Mode 146
- TDW Mode 147
- ElastoScan Mode 148
- Entering and Exiting E Mode 149
- E Mode Screen 149
- E Single Mode 150
- ROI Mode 150
- Scanning 151
- Prostate 152
- Screen Layout 153
- E Mode menu 153
- Contrast 154
- Enhancement 154
- Color Map Index 154
- Blending Level 154
- Persistence Level 154
- Combined Mode 155
- 2D/C/M Mode 156
- 2D/C Live Mode 156
- 2D/TDI/TDW 156
- Changing menu 157
- Multi-Image Mode 158
- Quad Mode 159
- 3D/4D Mode 160
- 3D Mode 161
- 4D Mode (Optional) 162
- Acquiring 3D/4D Images 163
- 3D Stand By 164
- Rendering preset 165
- Auto ROI 165
- Curved ROI 166
- Scan Quality 166
- Scan Angle 166
- Scan Time 167
- Trimester 167
- 3D View - MPR 168
- Touch Screen Layout 169
- Post Gain 170
- Zooming In/Out Image 170
- Ref. Slice 170
- Entering Indicator 172
- Saving Image 172
- Display Format 173
- Ref. Image 174
- 3D Rotation 174
- Position 175
- Transparency 176
- DynamicMR (Option) 176
- HDVI (Option) 176
- HDVI Index 176
- HDVI Type 177
- VOCAL Dene 180
- Step Angle 181
- VOCAL Edit 182
- Shell Thick 183
- Image Position 183
- Multi Edit 183
- Clear Contour 183
- New Contour 183
- Accept Contour 184
- VOCAL Edit 185
- Histogram 186
- MSV Screen 189
- Selected Slice 191
- Slice Thick 191
- Oblique View 192
- Oblique View Screen 193
- Cut Type 194
- Image Rotation 195
- Clear Line 195
- Plumb Size 195
- Rotate Line 196
- OVIX Thick 197
- XI VOCAL 198
- XI VOCAL Dene 199
- Contour Type 200
- Slice Direction 200
- # of Slice 201
- XI VOCAL Edit 202
- Ref. Page 203
- 4D Mode Screen 205
- Acquiring XI STIC Image 207
- Reviewing XI STIC Image 208
- Speed (%) 208
- Volume Pos 209
- 3D Utility Menu 210
- Trackball State 211
- Auto Run 213
- 3D Cine Dene 214
- End Angle 215
- Play Mode 215
- 3D Cine Review 216
- New Cine 217
- Cine Speed 217
- Cine Frame 217
- MagiCut 218
- SmoothCut Mode 219
- Orientation Dot 220
- Auto Contour 220
- Contour Edit 221
- Render Setup 221
- Render Direction 222
- Render Mode 1, 2 222
- Th.High 222
- Th.Power 223
- Transparent-Transparent 224
- Transparent-Surface 224
- Max-Transparent 224
- Max-Surface 224
- Inversion 224
- Post Processing 225
- Gradient Mask 226
- Flip Image 226
- Processing 227
- Load Preset 228
- Save Preset 228
- Rename Preset 228
- 4D Cine 229
- Image Pos 230
- Volume Pos 230
- Volume Slice 231
- Ref. Image 232
- 3D Rotation 232
- Slice Thick 232
- Selected Slice 232
- VolumeNT 233
- NT Caliper Placement 234
- Volume CT 237
- Cross Volume CT 238
- Boundary 239
- Measurements and 241
- Calculations 241
- Chapter 5 242
- Measurement Accuracy 243
- Ultrasound Velocity 244
- Doppler Signal Adjustment 244
- Aliasing 244
- Calculation Equation 244
- Human Error 244
- 2D Mode 245
- Doppler Mode 245
- Color/Power Doppler Mode 246
- Cursor Position 246
- Measurement Accuracy Table 247
- Basic Measurements 248
- Basic Measurement Operations 249
- Deleting measurement results 250
- Printing measurement results 250
- Exiting basic measurements 250
- Distance Measurement 251
- 3 Points Angle 252
- 2 Lines Angle 252
- M Distance 253
- D Velocity 253
- Manual Trace 255
- Limited Trace 256
- Auto Trace 257
- Ellipse 258
- Area Trace 258
- Volume Measurement 260
- 1 Distance Vol 261
- Ellipse Vol 261
- Dist. + Ellipse Vol 262
- Calculations by Application 263
- Common Measurement Methods 266
- Limited Trace 267
- Manual Trace 268
- Itemized Measurement 268
- Volume Flow Measurement 269
- Stenosis Measurement 270
- Heart Rate Measurement 270
- OB Calculations 271
- Early OB Measurement Menu 272
- Measurement 273
- Item Mode Method Unit 273
- Automatic Calculation 274
- General OB Measurement Menu 275
- AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index) 279
- How to measure 280
- See following table; 281
- Gynecology Calculations 283
- Cardiac Calculations 286
- Ped Echo Measurement Menu 299
- Vascular Calculations 304
- Auto IMT (Optional) 308
- Auto IMT Screen 308
- Measure Result Table 309
- Auto IMT Measurement 310
- Framingham / CHD 311
- Risk Factor 311
- Normal IMT 311
- UE Artery Measurement Menu 312
- LE Artery Measurement Menu 316
- UE Vein Measurement Menu 323
- LE Vein Measurement Menu 326
- Fetal Heart Calculations 329
- Urology Calculations 335
- 3Distance 336
- 3 Distance * Factor 337
- Ellipsoid 338
- Sum of 20 Disks 339
- Abdomen Calculations 340
- Small Parts Calculations 344
- Breast Measurement Menu 346
- Testicle Measurement Menu 347
- Supercial Measurement Menu 349
- TCD Calculations 351
- Pediatric Hips Calculations 355
- Measurement Methods 356
- Musculoskeletal Calculations 357
- Viewing Report 358
- Zoom / Fit 359
- Report For Echo paper 359
- Video Out Mode 359
- Editing Report 360
- Modify Measurements 361
- Measurement Display Method 361
- Adding Comment 362
- Printing Report 363
- Saving Report 363
- Transferring Report 364
- Store SR 364
- Edit Template 365
- Insert Image 367
- Stress Echo Report 368
- [Figure 5.35 Graph] 369
- Select Graph 370
- Display Graph 370
- History 370
- [Figure 5.36 History] 371
- Fetal Description 374
- Closing Report 374
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